氏名　Mohd Zaidi Bin Abd Rozan
学位の種類　博士（工学）
学位記番号　博甲第445号
学位授与の日付　平成19年12月31日
学位論文題目　An Analysis of Computer Mediates Communication through Internet "Evolutionized" Malay　（インターネット上のマレー語変種による計算機媒介コミュニケーションの分析）
論文審査委員
　主査　教授　三上　喜貴
　副査　教授　大里　有生
　副査　教授　中村　和男
　副査　准教授　Marasinghe Chandrajith Ashuboda
　副査　准教授　湯川　高志
　副査　准教授　山本　和英

• 論文目次
• 論文要旨
• 論文審査の結果の要旨

［平成19（2007）年度博士論文題名一覧］ ［博士論文題名一覧］に戻る．

Table of Contents　p.i-p.iv
Abstract　p.v-p.vi
Ancknowledgement　p.vii
List of Figures　p.viii
List of Tables　p.ix
Chapter 1　INTRODUCTION　p.1
　1.1　Introduction　p.1
　1.2　Research Motivation　p.2
　1.3　Main Research Question and Objectives　p.3
　1.4　Outline of the Dissertation　p.4
Chapter 2　THEORETICAL FOUNDATION　p.6
　2.1　Introduction　p.6
　2.2　Computer Mediated Communication　p.6
　2.3　Social Presence Theory （SPT）　p.7
　2.4　Media Richness Theory （MRT）　p.9
　2.5　Social Infomation Processing （SIP）　p.10
　2.6　Chapter Summary　p.13
Chapter 3　OVERVIEW OF INTERNET MALAY LANGUAGE　p.14
　3.1　Introduction　p.14
　3.2　Negative Views on Internet Malay　p.16
　3.3　Internet Evolutionized Malay （EM）　p.20
　3.3.1 Economization Effort　p.22
　3.3.2 EM usage in Web Forums and Blogs　p.23
　3.3.3 Edit Distance Value　p.25
　3.4　Preliminary Interview　p.26
　3.4.1 Purpose of Interview　p.26
　3.4.2 Descriptive Results　p.27
　3.4.3 Open Ended Questionnaire Results　p.27
　3.5　Chapter Summary　p.28
Chapter 4　EXOTIC FEATURE OF INTERNET EVOLUTIONIZED MALAY　p.29
　4.1　Introduction　p.29
　4.2　Background of Foreign Language Influences on Malay Language　p.29
　4.3　Morphological Analysis: Association with English Language　p.31
　4.3.1 Consonants of SM Influenced by English Language　p.32
　4.3.2 Vowels of SM Influenced by English Language　p.33
　4.4　Chapter Summary　p.35
Chapter 5　BETTER REPRESENTATION OF DAILY PRONUNCIATION IN INTERNET EVOLUTIONIZED MALAY　p.37
　5.1　Introduction　p.37
　5.2　background of Malay Language Pronunciation　p.37
　5.3　Contributing to Better Representation of Pronunciation　p.40
　5.4　Text Phone Analysis　p.43
　5.4.1 Selection of Sample Words　p.43
　5.4.2 Recording of Voice Utterances　p.44
　5.4.3 Segmentation of Utterances using PRATTTM　p.45
　5.4.4 Listening Analysis　p.46
　5.5　Chapter Summary　p.47
Chapter 6　EXPRESSIVE PROPERTIES OF INTERNET EVOLUTIONIZED MALAY　p.49
　6.1　Introduction　p.49
　6.2　Connotations and Online Text-based Communication　p.49
　6.3　Relation between Spelling and Meaning　p.52
　6.4　Language and Malay Values and Attitudes　p.54
　6.5　Quesrionnaire Design and Experimental Procedure　p.55
　6.5.1 From the Concept of Malay values and Attitudes to Adjective-pair Words　p.55
　6.5.2 Selection of Stimuli Words　p.59
　6.5.3 Experimental Method ― Semantic Differential Analysis （SDA）　p.60
　6.6　Procedures of Analysis　p.63
　6.6.1 mean Value and the Direction and Magnitude of Shifts　p.64
　6.6.2 Multivariate Analysis of Variance （MANOVA）　p.65
　6.7　Analysis and Discussion of Results　p.66
　6.7.1 Perception of All Respondents　p.66
　6.7.2 perception based on Native Malay Language Speakers　p.68
　6.7.3 Perception based on Non-native Malay Language Speakers　p.69
　6.8　Chapter Summary　p.70
Chapter7　GENERAL CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTED APPLICATIONS　p.74
　7.1　Introduction　p.74
　7.2　Summary of the Dissertation　p.74
　7.3　The Feasibility of EM in Malay Language Information Processing　p.76
　7.4　The Usefulness and Applicability of EM in Malay Language Information Processing　p.78
　7.4.1 Applicability for Data Mining　p.79
　7.4.2 Applicability for Human Interface Development　p.84
　7.5　Transformation Rules for SM to EM　p.91
　7.6　Chapter Summary　p.94

REFERRENCES　p.96-p.102
APPENDICES　p.103
Appendices I: Training Data　p.103
Appendices II: Portion of EM words extracted from http://asamboi.org　p.106
Appendices III: Preliminary Interview Data　p.108
Appendices IV: Semantic Differential Analysis Experiment Data　p.119
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS　p.128

　Internet version of Malay language that is utilized in Computer Mediated Communication （CMC） such as in web forums, web logs and instant messaging has gained tremendous popularity because of its lively mode. Even with strong criticism and negative views from language purists and experts, it seems like this Internet version will replace Standard Malay （SM） within CMC. As no proper name or establishment was ever given to this version, author has named it as Internet Evolutionized Malay （EM）. The term Evolutionized has been coined here to appropriately correspond with EM properties that has been enhancing and enriching a poor channel like CMC. This is also important in order to distinguish EM with other naming termed by many parties, merely through their shallow observations.
　This dissertation consists of three investigations that aim to answer the mainresearch question, "How does EM work towards enriching CMC?" Based on this grounds, the three objectives are; 1） To examine that EM morphology is blended with features of a foreign language and exotic in nature, 2） To examine that EM is able to provide better pronunciation properties by text to phone analysis of written EM and SM words, and, 3） To measure the type and level of feeling and attitude or termed as expression, which are conveyed by SM and EM words by meansof Semantic Differential Analysis.
　In the first investigation, morphological analysis is performed to illustrate the exotic features of EM. The exotic features are due to the influence of standard and Internet English which have affected the consonants and vowels of SM that produced EM. Even with such influence, the main structure of the spelling can still be recognized and found in SM dictionary, which contributes to the understanding of its literal meaning, by Malay users. The transformationsof SM to EM mostly affect the suffix of a word. The sounds produced by this consonant are stressed in speech and even stronger impressions not only on the ear but also on the eye. Here, the display of new orthographies could excite members in a community and they may feel like participating. This finally provide greater tendency toward interaction.
　In the second investigation, the correlation between text and phone propertiesof EM and SM words are analyzed. Based on the experiment, author has found that EM words can provide better guidance for pronunciation when compared to SM, which does not emulate the sound of the written words. This implies that EM words that are utilized in CMC can provide a more uniform and consistent pronunciation compared to SM. From this result, it is illustrated that the creation of EM is to provide spoken style written text in CMC that imitates face-to-face interaction; by means of explicitly written pronunciation guide that mimic daily spoken style Malay. This in fact works against the Latin saying,Verba Volant Scripta Manent", means, "Spoken words fly away, written words remain". Here, the EM words are special where it can remain in written form but bears the properties of oral mode.
　In the final investigation, Semantic Differential Analysis is performed in order to measure the type and level of feeling and attitude （expression）. Authorhas custom-developed several adjective-pairs for a questionnaire instrument to capably measure word expressions within the dimension of the concept of Malay values and attitudes. Based on this investigation, different types of expressions of SM and EM words are observed. This indicates that SM and EM wordsstand for distinct expression. However, the distinction applies only to words that are Malay originated and words that pertain to emotional descriptions of human character. Another observation was the hypersensitivity of native Malay speakers from the shift of SM into EM when compared to non-native Malay speakers.
　The investigations in this dissertation revealed how EM enriches CMC where theability to convey feeling or attitude by non-verbal cues through facial expressions, bodily gestures and tones in voice is lacking.
　The findings of the study are useful for various engineering applications in data mining and human interface development for Malay language information processing. In the last section of the dissertation, several useful applicationsare suggested and the algorithms of those applications are shown.

　本論文は、「An Analysis of Computer Mediated Communication through Internet "Evolutionized" Malay（インターネット上のマレー語変種による計算機媒介コミュニケーションの分析）」と題し、6章より構成されている。
　第1章は、本研究の背景及び主題について述べる。本研究の主題は計算機を媒介するテキストベースのコミュニケーションにおいて急速に利用の広がっているマレー語変種であり、本研究によってひとつの体系として見出され、"Internet Evolutionized Malay"と名づけられた。このマレー語変種がどのような形態上の特質を持ち、計算機媒介コミュニケーションにおいてどのような機能を果たしているのかを解明することが本研究の目的である。
　第2章と第3章は、先行研究の要約に当てられており、第2章では言語学、社会言語学における計算機媒介コミュニケーションに関する既存の諸理論について、第3章はインターネット上のマレー語に関する既存研究のサーベイ結果が示される。
　第4章から第6章までが本研究における主たる分析結果について記述した部分であり、まず、第4章では、インターネット上のマレー語変種に特徴的な千語余りの形態が分析され、接尾辞を中心として現れる形態上の特徴が抽出される。また、こうした形態上の特色が異言語の影響下で発達したものであり、テキストベースのコミュニケーションにおいて視覚を通じて活発な対話を刺激する効果を発揮していることが明らかにされる。第5章では、これらの特徴的な単語の綴りと発音との関係が分析される。計算機媒介コミュニケーションは音を伴わないが、実は、この特色ある綴りが利用者たちの実際の口語調の発音への忠実度が高いものであること、また、それが利用者の方言差まで反映したものであることが明らかにされる。第6章では、Semantic Differential Analysisの手法に基づき、このマレー語変種が一定の条件下で書き手の態度や微妙な感情をも表現する能力を持っていることが明らかにされる。
　第7章では、以上の分析の結果が要約され、本研究の有する意義及び本研究の成果を活用したマレー語情報処理における工学的応用例が示される。
　本研究は、従来正当に認識されることの無かったインターネット上のマレー語変種について正確な認識を確立し、テキストベースでありながら対面コミュニケーションに劣らぬ豊富な情報を運ぶことのできるコミュニケーション手段として機能するメカニズムを解明した。本論文の明らかにした知見は、データマイニング、ユーザ・インタフェース、機械翻訳等のマレー語情報処理の領域における多彩な工学的応用の道を開くものである。よって、本論文は工学上及び工業上貢献するところが大きく、博士（工学）の学位論文として十分な価値を有するものと認める。