Studies on Novel Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation through Electron Transfer from Electrode(電極からの電子移動による新規炭素-炭素結合形成反応に関する研究)
氏名 Kendrekar Pravinkumar Sunderrao
学位の種類 博士(工学)
学位記番号 博甲第434号
学位授与の日付 平成19年8月31日
学位論文題目 tudies on Novel Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation through Electron Transfer from Electrode (電極からの電子移動による新規炭素-炭素結合形成反応に関する研究)
論文審査委員
主査 教授 西口 郁三
副査 教授 塩見 友雄
副査 教授 五十野善信
副査 准教授 竹中 克彦
副査 准教授 河原 成元
副査 准教授 前川 博史
[平成19(2007)年度博士論文題名一覧] [博士論文題名一覧]に戻る.
Abstract p.i
List of Schems p.v
List of Tables p.vi
List of Figures p.ix
Chapter 1. Electroreductive Cross Coupling of gem-Methyl Tricholoroacetate with Imines Derivatives to Synthesis of Aziridine-2-Carboxylic Acid Methyl Ester p.16
1.1 Introduction p.16
1.2 Results and discussion p.23
1.2.1.1 Examination on Effect of Various Electrodes p.23
1.2.1.2 Examination on Effect of Various of Supporting Electrolytes p.25
1.2.1.3 Examination on Effect of Supplied Electricity p.26
1.2.1.4 Examination on Effect of Current Density p.27
1.2.1.5 Examination on Effect of Various Solvents p.27
1.3 Electroreduction of various Substutituted Aromatic Imines p.29
1.3.1.1 Electroreduction of various Substutituted Aromatic Ring of Imines p.30
1.3.1.2 Electroreduction of various Alkyl Substituted Imines p.31
1.3.1.3 Electroreduction of various-N-Substituted Imines p.32
1.4 Proposed Reaction Mechanism p.35
1.4.1.1 Materials p.37
1.4.1.2 Instrumentation p.37
1.4.1.3 Methods and Procedure p.38
1.4.1.4 References p.46
Chapter 2. Novel Cross Coupling Using Diphenyl Succinate and Glutarate by Electroreduction Direct towords Synthesis of Five and Six Membered Cyclic Spiro-lactones p.48
2.1 Introduciton p.48
2.2 Novel Cross Coupling Using Diphenyl Succinate p.52
2.2.1.1 Results and Discussion p.52
2.2.1.2 Examination on Effect of Various Electrodes p.53
2.2.1.3 Examination on Effect of Various of Supporting Electrolytes p.54
2.2.1.4 Examination on Effect of Supplied Electricity p.55
2.2.1.5 Examination on Effect of Current Density and Amoundt of Electrophiles(2) p.56
2.2.1.6 Electroreduction of Various Substutituted α-Methyl Styrenes p.57
2.2.1.7 Electroteduction of Various α-Methyl Styrenes with Substituted Penyl Rings p.61
2.2.1.8 Electroreduction of Various Alkyl-Substituted on Styrene p.61
2.2.1.9 Electroreduction of Tetraline and Indene with a α-Exocyclic Methylen group p.62
2.3 Proposed Reaction Mechanism for Five Member Spirolactone p.64
2.3.1.1 Novel Cross Coupling Using Diphenyl Glutarate p.66
2.3.1.2 Results and Discussion p.67
2.3.1.3 Examination on Effect of Various Electrodes p.68
2.3.1.4 Examination on Effect of Various Supporting Electrolytes p.69
2.3.1.5 Examination on Effect of Supplied Electricity p.70
2.3.1.6 Examination on Effect of Current Density and Amount of Electrophile(2) p.71
2.3.1.7 Examination on Effect of Various Solvents p.72
2.3.1.8 Electroreduction of Various Substituted α-Methyl Styrene p.73
2.3.1.9 Electroreduction of Various Substituted Aromatic Rings p.74
2.4 Electroreduction of Various Alkyl-Substituted on Styrene p.75
2.4.1.1 Electroreduction of Tedtraline and Indene with a α-Exocyclic methylene group p.75
2.4.1.2 Proposed Reaction Mechanism for Six Member Spirolactone p.77
2.4.1.3 Materials p.79
2.4.1.4 Instrumentation p.79
2.4.1.5 Methods anf Procedure p.80
2.4.1.6 References p.102
Chapter 3. One-pot Vicinal and Geminal Double Carboxylation with N-Carboalkoxy-imidazole by Electororeduction of Aromatic Vinyl and Imines Derivatives p.104
3.1 Introduction p.104
3.2 Electroreductive Vicinal Double C-Carboxylation of Styrene p.108
3.2.1.2 Electroreduction of Various alkyl substituted Styrene's p.109
3.2.1.3 Proposed reaction Mechanism p.111
3.3 Electroreductive Geminal C-Carboalkoxylation of Aromatic imines p.112
3.3.1.1 Examination on Effect Various Electrode and Supplied Electricity p.112
3.3.1.2 Examination on Effect of Current Density p.114
3.3.1.3 Electroreduction of Various Imines-I p.114
3.3.1.4 Electroreduction of Various Imines-II p.116
3.3.1.5 Proposed reaction Mechanism-I p.117
3.3.1.6 Electroreduction of various Imines-III p.118
3.3.1.7 Preposed reaction Mechanism-II p.119
3.3.1.8 Materials p.120
3.3.1.9 Instrumentation p.120
3.3.1.10 Methods and Procedure p.121
3.3.1.11 Referances p.133
Conclusion p.135
Acknowledgement p.136
Participated Conferences p.137
Electron-transfer reaction from electrodes and some metals such as Mg and Zn has been one of the most attractive, important and useful techniques in organic synthesis, especially for carbon-carbon bond formation, because the reaction may be characterized by high potentiality for the envioronment, high selectivity and efficiency. For example, we have already reported the electrochemical or Mg-promoted regioselective C-acylation of , unsaturated carbonyl compounds to give the corresponding C-acylated 1,4-dicarbonyl compound, which may be obtained by electrophilic attack of acylating agent to the -carbon of anion readicals generated by electron transfer from cathode or Mg metal.
In this research, we wish to present electroreductive cross coupling of methyl trichloroacetate with imines derivatives the electroreduction was carried out at room temperature in the presence of TMSCl in N,N Dimethylacetamide (DMAc) using an undivided cell equipped with Zn sticks as the reactive anode and cathode under constant current density 60mA/cm2 to gives the corresponding cyclic 2-chloro-1,3 diphenyl aziridine -2-carboxylic acid methyl ester selectively in satisfactory yield.
The synthesis of aziridine by chemical methods is require too much expensive and toxic reagents, such as suitable nitrines sources and some times these nitine sources has been suffered from several drawbacks, such as commercial unavailability, costly synthesis, short self-life, in solubility in common solvents.
Next, we wish to wish to present the electrochemical reduction of styrene derivatives in presence of diphenyl succinate and diphenyl glutarate brought about selective carbon-carbon bond formation between an olefinic carbon of styrene and a carbonyl carbon of diphenyl succinate and glutarate, followed by intramolecular cyclization to give corresponding five and six membered spirolactone derivatives possessing cyclopropane ring. Spiro lactones may be very important and useful because it appears in many natural products including steroid and alkaloids possessing interesting bioactivities and it can be easily transformed to many useful skeletons such as pyrrolidines, butenlides and cyclopentanolids.
Finally, we wish to present the novel one-pot vicinal double C-Carboalkoxylation of styrene derivatives and one pot geminal C-Carboxylation of aromatic imines derivatives by electroreduction using Zn-plates as the anode and the cathode in the presence of large excess of N-carboalkoxyimidazole. Although electrochemical vicinal double C-carboxylation and C-formylation of styrene derivatives in the presence of carbon dioxide in N,N-dimethylformadimide (DMF), has been reported, but vicinal and geminal double C-carboxylation has not been know as yet according to our best knowledge.
本論文は、「Studies on Novel Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation through Electron Transfer from Electrode(電極からの電子移動による新規炭素-炭素結合形成反応に関する研究)」と題し、 序論と結論を別にして主に3章から構成されている。
序論では、有機電気化学の原理、学術研究及び工業化プロセスの歴史や、他の手法では、不可能または大変困難であるが有機電気化学を用いれば、大変簡便にかつ高選択的にまた効率的に反応が進行する多くの反応例を示している。さらに、従来の有機合成反応では、その殆どが一回の炭素結合形成反応であり、通常の場合立体選択性はあまり見られなかったが、本論文の研究では、電極還元反応による従来の反応性の限界を明らかに超越した、新らたな炭素結合形成反応の開発に挑戦する事を述べている。
まず、第1章では、トリクロル酢酸メチルの電極還元反応により生成するジクロル酢酸メチルアニオンが系中に共存する種々の芳香族イミン類からの求電子攻撃を受け、ついで生成する窒素原子アニオンが塩素原子アニオンの脱離を伴って、炭素-窒素結合が生成し、広範な生理活性物質の貴重な合成中間体である含窒素三員環化合物であるアジリジンカルボン酸エステル誘導体が高立体選択的に好収率で得られる事を明らかにした。
次に第2章では、コハク酸やグルタル酸のジフェニルエステルの存在下での、αーアルキルスチレン類の, 亜鉛板を反応性電極として用いる無隔膜セル中での電極還元反応により、シクロプロパン環を持つスピローラクトン(5または6員環)誘導体が、高い位置および立体選択性を有して、好収率にて簡便に得られる珍しい反応の開発に成功した事を述べている。特に、このような立体ひずみのあるシクロプロパン環を持つスピローラクトン誘導体は、興味深い生理活性作用が大いに期待され、医薬品等への応用が期待される。さらに、第1章の反応例を含めてこれらの立体選択的な反応では、陽極から電気化学的に溶出した亜鉛イオンによるアニオン性鍵中間体の配位効果が大きな働きをしている事を明らかにしている。
最後の第3章では、電極還元反応を用いるスチレン類の炭素-炭素二重結合の両炭素原子へのNーカルボアルコシキイミダゾールによるカルボアルコキシ化反応および、芳香族イミン類へのベンジル位炭素原子への2重のカルゴアルコキシ化反応がワンポットにて簡便に進行するといkenう大変興味深く意義高い研究結果を述べている。
これらの反応では、隣接炭素原子または同一炭素原子への2回の結合形成が同一反応で起こるという、有機電気化学のみならず有機化学の立場から大変意義深く、また合成化学上大変有益な事実を、多く見出している。
よって、本論文は工学上及び工業上貢献するところが大きく、博士(工学)の学位論文として十分な価値を有するものと認める。