氏名　KUCIVILIZE　Pairaya
学位の種類　博士（工学）
学位記番号　博甲第311号
学位授与の日付　平成16年3月25日
学位論文題目　Super High Rate Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment by Thermophilic Multi-staged UASB Reactor　（多段型UASBリアクターによる超高速高温嫌気性廃水処理）
論文審査委員
　主査　教授　原田　秀樹
　副査　助教授　大橋　晶良
　副査　教授　藤田　昌一
　副査　助教授　小松　俊哉
　副査　北海道大学大学院　工学研究科教授　岡部　聡

• 論文目次
• 論文要旨

［平成15（2003）年度博士論文題名一覧］ ［博士論文題名一覧］に戻る．

Contents
Nomenclate List　p.1
Acknowledgements　p.5
Chapter1 Introduction and Outline　p.1
Chapter2 Literature Review　p.7
　Introduction　p.7
　Anaerobic degradation process and microbial consortia　p.8
　Necessity of low hydrogen concentration in anaerobic reactor　p.10
　Commercial based anaerobic process　p.12
　Anaerobic contact　p.14
　Fluidized filter（FB）　p.14
　Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanlet（UASB）　p.14
　Anaerobic filter（AF）　p.15
　Expanded Granular Sludge Blanlet（EGSB）　p.15
　Internal Girculation（IC）　p.15
　Staged Reactor Concept　p.16
　Full-scale anaerobic treatment for industrial wastewater　p.21
　Thermophilic process performance　p.23
　Advantages and disadvantages of thermophilic process　p.26
　Higher metabolic rate　p.26
　Thermodynamics favorable　p.28
　Low gas solubility p.28
　High liquid substrate solubility　p.29
　Liquid viscosity　p.30
　Thermophilic Methanogens and methanogenic activities　p.32
Chapter3 Super high rate thermophilic anaerobic treatment of alcohol distillery wastewater（Shouchu） by thermophilic multi-staged UASB reactor　p.37
　World Highest Maximum Allowable Organic Loading Rate
　Abstract　p.37
　Published as:　p.38
　3.1 Introduction　p.39
　3.2 Materials and methods　p.41
　Multi-staged UASB reactor　p.41
　Inoculm　p.42
　Shouchu stilage Wastewater　p.42
　Methanogenic activity tests　p.43
　16SrRNA molecular techniques　p.44
　Granular diameter size　p.44
　SEM observation　p.45
　Analytical methods　p.45
　3.3 Results and discussions　p.45
　Start up behavior　p.45
　Re-start up behavir and Maximum allowable OLR　p.46
　Profile of biodegradation along the reactor height　p.53
　Granulation　p.55
　Sludge Retainmment　p.56
　Temperature dependency of methanogenic activities　p.58
　Microbial consortia　p.59
　Methanogenic activities　p.62
　3.4 Conclusions　p.63
Chapter4 Comparative study of thermophilic （55℃） and mesophilic （35℃） high rate treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent （POME） by multi-staged UASB reactor　p.65
　Abstract　p.65
　Published as:　p.66
　4.1 Introduction　p.67
　4.2 Materials and methods　p.71
　Multi-staged UASB reactor　p.71
　Inoculum　p.72
　POME Wastewater　p.72
　Methanogenic activity tests　p.73
　SEM observation　p.73
　Sludge characterization　p.74
　Analytical methods　p.74
　4.3 Results and discussions　p.75
　Process performance　p.75
　Profile of biodegradation along the reactor height　p.89
　Sludge Retainment　p.90
　Scum/Sludge floatation　p.92
　Change of sludge characterisitcs　p.93
　Sludge characteristics profiles along the reactor height　p.97
　Methanogenic activities　p.98
　4.4 Conclusions　p.99

Chapter5 Modification of multi-feeding systems to multi-staged UASB for reduction of alkalinity supplementation　p.103
　Abstract　p.103
　Published as:　p.104
　5.1 Introduction　p.105
　5.2 Materials and methods　p.106
　Pilot-scale MS-UASB and beverage wastewater　p.106
　Lab-scale MS-UASB and alcohol distillery wastewater　p.108
　Multi-feeding （MF） patterns　p.109
　Analytical methods　p.111
　5.3 Results　p.112
　Pilot-scale MS-UASB treating beverage wastewater　p.114
　Lab-scale MS-UASB treating alcohol distillery wastewater　p.114
　5.4 Discussions　p.124
　Effect of multi-feeding on lowering supplemental alkalinity p.124
　Selectable effective multi-feeding pattern　p.128
　5.5 Conclusions　p.130

Chapter6 Summary and conclusion　p.131
References　p.137
Publication list　p.153
About the author　p.155

The more appropriate technology for treatment of high-temperature wastewater mainly discharged by agro-industry was considered to be high-rate thermophilic anaerobic process. In this thesis, the study of novel concept vertical flow staged reactor called Multi-staged UASB （MS-UASB） process for high-temperature agro-indutrial wastewater under thermophilic condition was mainly focused. Furthermore, the effect of modification of multi-feed systems to MS-UASB on reduction of alkalinity supplementation for more economical profit was also evaluated.

The process performance of a thermophilic MS-UASB for treatment of an alcohol distillery wastewater─Shochu （a Japanese traditional alcohol liquor made of sweet potato） stillage at 55°C for a period of over 1,000 days was investigated by continuous flow experiment. The MS-UASB reactor accomplished complete granulation within three months and, as a consequence, performed an extremely high organic loading of 100 kg COD・m-3・d-1 with 90% COD removal. Moreover, the reactor exhibited reliable re-start up capability after three months feed shut-down, and allowed a further higher loading of 120 kg COD・m-3・d-1 for a prolonged period.

For the purpose to compare process behavior for high particulate organic and lipids contain wastewater treatment at two different operational temperature, two sets of lab-scale MS-UASB reactor were continuously operated in parallel at 55°C and 35°C for Palm Oil Mill Effluent （POME） treatment over 15 months. The 55oC reactor accommodated a COD loading of 25 kg COD・m-3・d-1 with COD removal of 73.9±9.6, which 2.5 times higher than maximum loading of 35oC reactor. Throughout the whole duration the methane conversion （defined by methane COD recovered per COD removed） was 14% higher by the 55oC reactor than by the 35oC reactor. The extent of accumulation of un-degraded organic solids in the 35oC reactor was more significant rather than in the 55oC reactor. However, there are no sign of process failure of both reactors throughout 7 months of the stable period.

The distribution of feeding inlet from single location （single feed: SF） at the bottom to multiple locations at individual three initial compartments was modified （multi-feed: MF） with the multi-staged UASB （MS-UASB） reactor to mitigate severe acidification atthe inlet region and reduce an extensive amount of additional alkalinity for the process. The good effect of MF on the lowering supplemental alkalinity was verified. MF enabled to maintain high process performance under bare alkalinity supplementation while SF fated with process broken down. The more effective MF pattern was confirmed by sequent MF comparing to simultaneously continuous MF.